Holidays January 27
Savindan - St. Savva's Day
In Serbia, they deeply revere Saint Sava, it was thanks to this saint that the creation of the Serbian Orthodox Church took place. Sava’s father, Serbian Stefan Nemani, was a great zupan; he was called Rastko in the world. Unfortunately, the exact date of birth of Saint Sava is unknown; they say that he was born in 1175. As a teenager, he went to Saint Athos, and decided to cut his hair as a monk, and there he was given the name Savva. After some time, his father abandoned the throne and, following the example of his son, became a monk. Later they founded the monastery of Hilanadr. Thanks to the efforts of St. Sava, the Serbian Orthodox Church became independent. He became the first archbishop in this church. The saint died when he returned from Jerusalem, he was buried in Bulgaria, in the city of Tarnov. After about twelve months, the relics of the saint were transferred to the Milesivsky monastery. They were stored there for a very long time, but in 1593 Sinan Pasha transported them to Belgrade, and after some time they were burned. When the Serbian people got rid of the Turkish yoke, a temple was built on this place and named after this saint. This building is considered the largest world church of the Orthodox faith, in this way people expressed their immense gratitude for all the good deeds that Savva did in his life for people and for the Orthodox Church. After all these historical events in Serbia, a special day was chosen in order to mark a significant Orthodox event. This holiday also has another name - school fame. It is believed that Savva is the patron saint of the family and some areas of life. Therefore, all the schools of the Serbian Republic, which are part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, celebrate this event on a grand scale, and the children have a rest on this holiday. Many different traditional festivities are held at the Center of St. Sava in Belgrade. By tradition, pop artists perform, reward successful pupils and students, teachers and teachers, and many public figures who, through their work, have made a huge irreplaceable contribution to the educational field. For the entire population of the country this day is considered special and truly brings great joy and happiness to people.
Sunny coffee
In the winter in many parts of Iceland there is a pitch blackout, this happens not only because this country is close to the Arctic Circle, but most likely due to the very mountainous terrain there. That is why in the valleys, when the first rays of the sun appeared from behind the mountain, people always perceived this as the golden banner of the coming spring. Peasants from nearby estates came to the appointed place, and quickly tried to bake pancakes, and hurried to make coffee before the sun again disappeared behind the high peaks. The fun continues even after sunset, and with the new appearance of the sun, everything repeated until its radiance became commonplace. Despite the fact that Iceland is distant from the faculty-building powers, a coffee drink appeared in 1772, and immediately won the hearts of the Icelandic population. In addition to a coffee drink, tobacco and alcohol were in high demand, this did not depend on the ability of the local population to provide themselves and their family with basic necessities. A coffee drink was an outlet, and the minimum luxury for a tormented hungry peasant, it allowed people to feel at least a little worthy of people. Coffee drinking allowed the peasants to rejoice with their friends the long-awaited arrival of the sun. The date of the celebration of this moment depends on the particular area in which the sun appears, however, in large settlements, the date is averaged and fixed.
International Holocaust Remembrance Day
The Holocaust is called the brutal action of the Nazis, aimed at the destruction of the Jewish people. Translated from Greek, the word Holocaust means disaster. From 1934 to 1946 in Europe, more than 60% of Jews were persecuted. In the territory occupied by the Germans of the USSR, the Nazis killed almost 3 million Jews. Almost three million more Jews managed to escape from the atrocities of the Nazis, some fled to the woods to the partisans, some were evacuated to the east of the USSR, some were hidden by local residents. Since 1953, the state of Israel conferred the title of the righteous people to those Jews who managed to survive during the Holocaust. In our time, there are about 15,000 such righteous people. On November 1, 2005, the UN General Assembly approved resolution 60/7, which established the date of the annual memory of the victims of the Holocaust - January 27. This date was chosen due to the liberation by the Soviet army of the largest Nazi camp, Auschwitz, this happened in January 1945. Over the entire period of the "work" of the concentration camp, more than two million people were killed in it. The UN General Assembly sent an appeal to states around the world to hold large-scale educational programs and lectures on the terrible tragedy of the Holocaust. The terrible atrocities of the Nazis will forever remain in the memory of mankind.
January 27 on the folk calendar
Nina - cattle rites
This day was called in memory of St. Nina. This is the name of the Georgian queen, who introduced Christianity in her native country in the fourth century. According to legend, Nina was blessed by the Lord for the feat, and the Virgin Mary herself presented her with a cross woven from a vine. The second part of the name of the holiday was named because of the custom of caring for livestock on this day. On this day, it was customary to clean the animals, remove the dung from the barn, and cut the straw that lay on the floor. Livestock was endowed with affectionate words, fed with freshly baked bread and delicious vegetables. The peasants said that on the feast of St. Nina, it is necessary to delight the cattle. On this day, there were signs related to the weather on the street. If the peasants saw that the trees were covered with hoarfrost - this prophesied heat, and if there were white clouds in the sky, then you need to wait for a cold. People knew that if that day was freezing and snowing, you need to wait for warming. When at sunset there was a pillar of sunlight - the peasants were preparing for severe frosts. People thought that if roosters sang early they needed to wait for heat, and if crows croaked early in the morning, there would be a blizzard.
Historical events of January 27
January 27, 1820 Russian discovery of Antarctica
At the initiative of the Russian emperor Alexander I, in 1819 the first Russian research expedition set out from Kronstadt to search and research Antarctica. Thaddeus Faddeevich Bellingshausen, captain of the second rank and experienced navigator was appointed the head of the expedition. Bellingshausen led the flagship three-masted ship Vostok. He was followed by an equally experienced sailor and traveler, Mikhail Lazarev, he was the captain of the Mirny ship. The task set by the emperor to the researchers was extremely difficult, it was necessary by any means to break through to the South Pole, as close as possible. The islands and new lands that were discovered along the expedition were supposed to be turned into citizenship of the Russian Empire. The expedition took about six months to get to the terrible ice continent. Finally, on January 27, 1820, sailors saw the mysterious southern continent. However, the Russian discoverers at first doubted whether the continent was it, because they saw an icy lifeless world. Bellingshausen decided to make sure that this is the continent they were looking for, the expedition made several attempts to approach the shore itself, but it did not succeed. This was prevented by icebergs drifted in huge numbers, and since the ships were wooden and a collision with an iceberg would lead to a terrible disaster. Going around almost the entire mainland, Bellingshausen was never able to get ashore. The expedition lasted more than two years. But still the journey was not fruitless, the sailors discovered twenty-eight islands.
January 27, 1924 the first version of the Lenin mausoleum was built in Moscow
After the death of Vladimir Lenin, the Central Committee of the party and the Council of People's Commissars, received thousands of letters and telegrams from ordinary people in their address, demanding not to interrupt the body of the "great leader." People who were in the halo of glory of the leader, asked the government to save his body forever. On January 22, the leader’s body was embalmed, with the goal of preserving it intact until the transfer ceremony to the mausoleum. On January twenty-fourth, the architect A. Shchusev received an order from the government of the Bolshevik state to design and erect in three days a temporary crypt to calm Lenin's body. The Council of People's Commissars decided to build a mausoleum near the Kremlin wall, as a sign of Lenin's special importance, for the Soviet people. The architect Schusev managed to build a temporary crypt. The first project was a structure in the form of a step pyramid, which adjoined on both sides of the stairs. The hall where Lenin’s body rested was located three meters below the ground. The interior of the mourning hall was decorated with images of the artist I. Nivinsky; he used a combination of black and red colors in the style of communist revolutionary realism. On January 27, 1924, a sarcophagus with the body of Lenin was installed in a temporary crypt-mausoleum. In the first month and a half, the mausoleum was visited by more than one hundred thousand people. Soon the temporary mausoleum was closed, and the construction of a new project began, which was also wooden, but looked more monumental and completed. This mausoleum lasted about five years, after which the architects erected the first project of a stone crypt, which after the war was substantially revised and improved, and in this form the last version survived to our time.
January 27, 1944 blockade of Leningrad lifted
The blockade of Leningrad lasted 900 days and became a terrible tragedy for the Soviet people. In the city during the three-year blockade, hundreds of thousands of Leningraders died of starvation, in addition, the city was constantly bombed, the city had neither water, nor heating, nor electricity, and city transport did not work. At the end of the first blockade year, the city was on the verge of a social and economic disaster. And soon the situation in the city was brought to a state of social collapse. Mass pestilence began in the city, people from starvation and hypothermia died on the streets, and the constant bombing claimed more lives. On September 8, 1941, German troops took Leningrad into a tight ring, the city found itself in a deep insurmountable blockade. Hitler at all costs tried to destroy the city with a grueling blockade and massive bombing. German aviation and artillery dropped thousands of tons of bombs on the city almost around the clock. As a result of the famine, a card distribution system was introduced in the city, but the allocated food norm (no more than 200 grams of bread) was more psychological help and naturally could not provide even the minimum human need for food. In addition, due to the lack of grain, bread was made from cellulose and mill dust, people who were distraught from hunger ate paste, in the city they ate all the dogs and cats, and when there were none left, the Leningraders caught and ate rats. Despite the meager distribution of bread rations on the cards, the inhabitants of the city still died from exhaustion, because the allocated bread had practically no nutritional value. To help the starving Leningrad residents, the so-called “Road of Life” was organized along Lake Ladoga, thanks to it it was possible to evacuate part of the city’s population, primarily women and children, as well as organize periodic food supplies to the city. A stable supply of food to the city was not possible, because the "Road of Life" was constantly bombarded by German aircraft and artillery, so not much of the food was delivered to Leningrad. But this was a significant help, which helped the townspeople hold on and wait for the lifting of the blockade. The liberation came on January 18, 1843, when the armies of the Western Front began the operation, breaking through the German siege ring, and on January 27, 1944 the blockade of the city was lifted. During the years of the blockade, in Leningrad, about one and a half million people died.
January 27, 1945 Soviet army liberated Auschwitz concentration camp
On January 27, 1945, the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front liberated the largest concentration camp Auschwitz. Soviet soldiers managed to save several thousand prisoners of a concentration camp from death. Thanks to the operational actions of the Soviet troops, the Germans did not have time to destroy the prisoners and the traces of their atrocities. Soviet soldiers entering the concentration camp saw a terrible "death machine": crematoria, gas chambers and torture chambers. Also in the camp there was a medical center, where terrible medical experiments, or rather brutal experiments, were placed over the prisoners. The prisoners were injected with hazardous chemicals, tested with experimental drugs, infected with malaria and hepatitis, transferred cancer material to the victim's body, as a result, people got cancer. Surgical experiments were also carried out, women and men were neutered, vital organs were removed, etc. More than 2.5 million people died in Auschwitz, and more than half a million died of starvation and disease. In 1947, the Polish State Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau was opened in a concentration camp. The museum is taken under the protection of UNESCO and declared a mournful object of world significance. Called to serve as a terrible reminder of the terrible crimes of the Nazi regime and fascist ideology. Auschwitz constantly organizes international excursions, symposia and discussion meetings. The museum has collected all materials relating to the events of that terrible fascist time. A huge photo and an art gallery are collected in the camp, which captures the events that took place in the camp at that distant time.
January 27, 1967 leading world powers declared space a heritage of mankind
On January 27, 1967, an interstate agreement was signed that governs the principles and activities of Earth states to study and exploit outer space. Under the contract also fell: The moon and all celestial bodies. The agreement became a fundamental document in laying the foundations of space law. Initially, the agreement was signed by the United States, Great Britain and the USSR; later on, over a hundred countries that became parties to this agreement were included in the treaty radius. The main principles of the agreement are the use of outer space exclusively for peaceful purposes and in the interests of all the peoples of the Earth. Each state of the world, regardless of its level of scientific and technological progress, has the right to safety in conducting space research and to the practical benefit of studying and operating outer space and celestial objects. The states parties to this agreement undertake not to place in outer space and in celestial objects, including the moon, weapons of mass destruction: nuclear, chemical, or other technical nature.It is also forbidden to test weapons of mass destruction in Earth orbit and in outer space, as well as on the surface of the Moon and other celestial bodies, including in the immediate vicinity of these objects. The ban on the disposal and destruction of weapons of mass destruction applies to the same paragraph. The agreement also prohibits the construction of military bases on the moon and other celestial bodies in which weapons of mass destruction can be placed. The same applies to the launching into near-Earth orbit of satellites and orbital stations, which could contain nuclear or other especially dangerous weapons of mass destruction on their sides. The agreement provides for severe sanctions against countries that violated one of the clauses of the agreement, and military response measures to the actions of countries violating this agreement are not excluded.
Born on January 27
James gibson (1904-1979), American psychologist
James Gibson became famous for his research in the field of perception. Gibson has reached a leading position in a new psychological direction. He considered perception as a complex process, which was not preceded by any conclusions connected with intermediate variables or with associations. The famous psychologist was born on January 27, 1904, in the state of Ohio (USA). From 1922 to 1928 he studied at the University of Princeton. Gibson was a favorite student of E. Holt - the author of the theory of motor consciousness. Before World War II, the scientist taught at Smith College, and during the war, Gibson headed the department of psychological and physiological research at the United States Air Force aviation program. James was developing tests for professional and psychological selection of pilots, while he used a new technique for moving pictures. After the war, Gibson began teaching at Cornell University, where he worked until the end of his labor and scientific career. Gibson gave rise to a new science, the so-called psychological and environmental optics, the purpose of the new scientific discipline was to study the behavior of the human body in interaction and in contact with the environment. His theory suggested that isolated sensations and whole images are provoked by the specifics of an external stimulus. Gibson's theory, despite harsh criticism, still made a big leap forward in psychological science.
Mikhail Baryshnikov (1948 ...), outstanding choreographer
Mikhail Baryshnikov was born in January 1948 in Latvia, in a military family. Misha’s father was sent to Riga at the behest of the service, by nature he was severe and cruel, and his mother was mainly engaged in raising his son. Mother was a kind and non-conflicting woman, she instilled in her son a love of music and dance, and soon assigned him to a ballet school. At 12, Misha went to study at a choreographic school in Riga, and then transferred to the same educational institution, only in Leningrad. After graduating from college, Baryshnikov was accepted into the troupe of the Opera and Ballet Theater. Kirov. The theater management noticed the young man and his talent, this allowed him to become a leading performer of famous opera parties. Baryshnikov toured with the theater troupe around the world, but in 1974, from the next tour, the artist did not return to his homeland. He did not want to live and work in the country of utopian socialism and remained in Toronto (Canada). Since that time, Baryshnikov has played in a large number of leading ballet parties. In Canada, he was known as a talented choreographer and director of theater performances and operettas. The activities of the choreographer had a significant impact on American and world ballet art. In the 80s, Baryshnikov led the American Ballet Theater, and in the 90s he founded his own choreographic troupe. He has a huge number of international awards and prizes, enjoys great prestige in ballet and opera circles.
Victor Goldschmidt (1888-1947), Scandinavian chemist and geologist
He was born on January 27, 1888 in Zurich. Shortly after the birth of a son, the Goldschmidt family moved to Norway. The reason for the move was the appointment of Victor's father as a professor of chemical sciences in Christiania (modern Oslo). Goldschmidt's first scientific work was the theory of Contact metamorphism in the vicinity of Christianity. In this scientific work, Goldschmidt applied the thermodynamic law of phases in relation to objects of geological nature. With his research in geology and chemistry, as well as their classification and combination of principles, the scientist laid the foundations of a new science-geochemistry. Goldschmidt's work on ionic and atomic radii laid the foundation for crystal chemistry. He developed a specific geochemical ordering of elements, discovered the law of isomorphism, which received his name. He first developed a theory about the structure of the deep layers of the Earth, and his assumptions are confirmed by modern science. Also, the scientist was able to calculate the depth and suggest the geological composition of the earth's crust. During the occupation of Norway by German troops, the scientist was arrested, the Nazis planned to send Goldschmidt to a concentration camp, but he was lucky, he was stolen by Norwegian partisans and transported to Sweden. He later moved to England, to his relatives. After the war, the scientist returned to Oslo, where he soon died.
Friedrich Schelling (1775-1854), German philosopher
Friedrich Schelling was born on January 27, 1775 in Germany, in the family of a priest. After seminary, he entered the Tubingen Theological Institute, in 1792 he defended his thesis and received a master's degree in philosophy and theology. Since 1793 he has been interested in Fichte's philosophy. Upon graduation, Schelling works as a home tutor in wealthy and aristocratic families. At the same time studying philosophy and physical and mathematical sciences.
In 1798, Schelling met Goethe and carried him away with his philosophical course. Soon, under the patronage of Goethe and Fichte, he was invited to work in the philosophy department at one of the universities in Germany. After arriving in Jena, Frederick entered the community of Ahnic romantics, where he met Schlegels and Novalis. At the beginning of the 19th century, Schelling successfully collaborated with Hegel. He soon falls in love, and then marries the wife of his friend Schlegel, Carolina. The newlyweds leave to live in Würzburg, but their family happiness was not long, Carolina soon dies for unknown reasons. Three years later, Friedrich marries a second time, Paulina Gotter becomes his wife. They lived a long and happy life. Old age, Schelling, met surrounded by friends and a large family.
Ole Einar Bjoerndalen (1974 ...), Norwegian skier and biathlete
Ole Björndalen was born on January 27, 1974 in Norway, in a family of farmers. At school, Ole was reluctant to study, most of all he was attracted to sports: handball, football, cycling, athletics. In addition, he loved skiing and biathlon. Among all sports, Ole eventually chose biathlon. In 1993, at the youth competitions, he became a three-time world champion. A year later, he is accepted into the Norwegian biathlon team. At the Olympics in 1994, Björndalen in the Ule sprint became one of the best biathletes in the relay, he took seventh place. Since 1996, the star career of Ole Björndalen began, fans and biathletes, nicknamed Ole, "great and terrible." He with enviable constancy won prizes and awards in almost any important and prestigious competition. Ole Björndalen is the only biathlete in the world who has become a five-time Olympic champion. He earned his first gold medal in 1998, and in 2002 he won four gold medals. In total, Ule won 33 medals at the world championships, of which 14 were gold. He was also awarded 17 crystal globes at the World Cups, on which he set absolute records. In 2008, in Korea, he won all the gold medals in biathlon.
Birthday January 27
Paul, Nina, Moses, Mark, David, Agnia
